Methodology.

1.Source data

Per-IdP licensing data is verified against the IdP's own pricing page on 2026-06-03. Where the vendor page returned HTTP 403 or required login, we used the corresponding figures from idppricing.com's methodology (sister site, same source data).

2.TCO calculation

Year-1 TCO uses a representative buyer profile: 200 employees, 30 SaaS apps, full SAML + MFA + lifecycle automation + 90-day audit retention. Calculation:

• Licensing: seats × per-user-per-month × 12, at the SAML-enabled tier.
• SAML tax: the cost differential between the SAML-enabled tier and the next-cheaper tier.
• Audit retention: where extended retention is a separate cost line, we include the typical add-on price.
• MFA: where MFA is a separate module (JumpCloud, Duo), we include.

3.Migration cost

Migration cost ranges are industry-reported, not vendor-confirmed. Sources: Gartner IdP migration analyst notes, Forrester IdP-switching cost surveys, and integrator quotes from public deal-size data. We do not attempt to disaggregate migration cost by client size below 200 employees — too few public data points.

4.Re-verification cadence

IdP pricing pages are re-fetched every 90 days. Pre-deploy gate blocks publication of stale rows. Vendor-page changes are tracked in idppricing.com's changelog.

5.Editorial position

Independent. No IdP referral fees. No vendor sponsorships. Buyer-cost lens is editorially distinct from vendor-list-pricing lens (which is idppricing.com's scope).